Quantum Computer

                              Computer Revolution

(Quantum Computer)

Quantum computers are machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store data and perform computations. This can be extremely advantageous for certain tasks where they could vastly out-perform even our best supercomputers.

Classical computers, which include smartphones and laptops, encode information in binary “bits” that can either be 0s or 1s. In a quantum computer, the basic unit of memory is a quantum bit or "Qubit". Qubits have states that are like 0's and 1's but it has one more state that is partially 0 and partially 1.

Qubits are made using physical systems, such as the spin of an electron or the orientation of a photon. These systems can be in many different arrangements all at once, a property known as Quantum Superposition. Qubits can also be inextricably linked  together using a phenomenon called Quantum Entanglement.

Quantum computers perform calculations based on the probability of an object's state before it is measured - instead of just 1s or 0s - which means they have the potential to process exponentially more data compared to classical computers.

Current quantum computers typically suppress decoherence by isolating the qubits from their environment as well as possible. The trouble is, as the number of qubits multiplies, this isolation becomes extremely hard to maintain: Decoherence is bound to happen, and errors creep in.

There are several types of quantum computers

 (also known as quantum computing systems);

1. quantum circuit model

2. quantum Turing machine

3.adiabatic quantum computer

4. one-way quantum computer

5. various quantum cellular automata.

  The most widely used model of quantum computer is "Quantum Circuit Model". Because it consist of qubits.